By The world has observed many viral outbreaks in the past and has again come up with a new virus spread, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV). HMPV is a respiratory virus that affects the lungs and airways in the first place. As it belongs to the RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) family, it may cause mild to severe respiratory infection. Scientists are claiming that this virus is not new and hence was first discovered in the Netherlands in 2001 affecting human lives for more than a decade.
How does this virus spread ?
Another common question regarding HMPV is how does this virus spreads ? So, the virus spreads through the respiratory droplets. It is when the infected person coughs, sneezes, or you touches the infected surface contaminated by the virus. The virus is observed to be most active during winter and early spring.
Symptoms of HMPV
The symptoms of HMPV heavily depend upon the age of the person or his overall health. Although symptoms are almost similar to the common cold or flu, there may be serious symptoms in people with weak immune systems.
Let’s understand the symptoms in more detail.
| Mild Symptoms | Severe symptoms |
| Running or stuffy nose | Wheezing |
| Cough | Shortness of breath |
| Sore throat | Difficulty in breathing |
| Fever | Chest Congestion |
| Fatigue | Bluish skin due to lack of oxygen |
Causes of HMPV
Spread through close contact with infected persons or contaminated surfaces, HMPV is caused by Human metapneumovirus itself. In this infection, certain groups are more prone to catching viruses and show some serious symptoms. Let’s understand which groups can mostly be targetted:
| Young children | Elderly people | People with Chronic condition | People with weak immune system |
| Age under 5 | Age over 65 | Such as asthma or heart disease | With underlying disease or medical treatments. |
Like regular viruses, HMPV can also spread in schools, offices, public areas, and public transport if not curbed on time.
Countries subjected to HMPV
Numerous countries around the world, including the US, Europe, Australia, and Asia, have reported cases of HMPV. According to reports, the virus has been silently circulating for decades and is not a recent discovery. However, with the advent of more and more advanced diagnostic tools, discoveries have increased with more reported cases of HMPV.
The recent HMPV outbreak has been reported in:
- North America (During winter and early spring )
- Europe (seasonal spikes in several countries)
- Asia (Including China and India )
- Australia (During peak winter season
Living in India ? How much danger do you face ?
Like other nations with high population densities, India is vulnerable to the fast spread of HMPV as well, particularly in metropolitan areas. But, to some relief it is crucial to note that the virus is not as deadly as other respiratory viruses, such as COVID-19.
Here’s what experts have concluded about India’s situation:
- Cities and areas with high population density could be at higher risk of spreading the virus.
- Children under the age of 5 are at higher risk of getting this virus, along with the older group over the age of 65, and people with pre-existing health conditions are also at risk.
- Overcrowded healthcare centres may also face outbreaks.
Certain Precautions to Curb HMPV in India
- Maintain Good Hygiene
- Regularly wash your hands with soap and water.
- Refrain from touching your face, particularly your lips, nose, and eyes, when in public places.
- Stay away from crowded areas
- Avoid big crowds, particularly when the virus is at its worst.
- Consult a Physician When Needed:
- See a doctor straight away if you or a loved one suffers from serious symptoms, such as difficult breathing.
World Health Organization (WHO) on HMPV
HMPV is acknowledged by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major global cause of respiratory illnesses, particularly in children under five. The WHO claims that because the symptoms of HMPV might be confused with those of other respiratory illnesses, it is frequently underdiagnosed.
In order to detect HMPV cases, the organization emphasizes the significance of awareness and testing. WHO promotes better hygiene habits and surveillance to stop the spread of HMPV, as there isn’t a vaccine for it yet.
China’s Reports on HMPV
Because of growing HMPV illness, China has been proactively focusing on its advanced study. Hence, the scientists of China have presented reports:
- To better understand the effects of HMPV, China is engaged in the detailed study of its impact.
- Rigorous efforts are being made to develop better diagnostic tools and explore all the potential treatments.
- Spreading awareness among the common public about the importance of keeping clean, maintaining hygiene, and about respiratory infections.
Keynotes about HMPV
- No vaccine is available till : Like other respiratory diseases, including Covid-19, there is not yet discovered vaccine for HMPV. Although continuous efforts are being conducted by health centers worldwide to invent one. Till then you can follow hygiene rules and avoid contact with infected people.
- Symptoms may vary: The symptoms of HMPV may vary from person to person depending upon their age and immune systems.
- HMPV is not new: Yes you heard that right HMPV is years old virus, which was recorded for the first time in 2001 and hence its detection is improving due to advanced tools.
- India’s situation : India is at moderate risk too because of its dense population. The symptoms are mild, but one should always be cautious and follow all precautionary measures.
- Global impact of HMPV : The virus has been spread across continents including Asia, Australia , North America and Europe.
- WHO’s role in curbing HMPV : WHO is relentlessly working to manage the virus by spreading awareness and increasing testing worldwide.
- China’s response to the spread of HMPV : China is putting continuous efforts towards studying the virus and are under surveillance.
- Practical precautions: Although the conditions are presently under control, one should take all the practical precautions possible which includes regular handwashing, avoiding crowded areas and seeking medical help immediately if witnessing any symptom.
